Understanding the relationship between people and the environment is essential for recognizing the importance of maintaining nature's balance. This knowledge is valuable in various fields, such as city planning, environmental studies, and conservation efforts. For instance, awareness of how we construct homes, roads, and mines allows city planners and engineers to minimize damage to the Earth.

1. Rationale and scope: Although soil erosion was recognised as a serious problem in antiquity and research into erosion started in the early 20th century, it remains a substantial problem for agriculture and the environment across the globe. It disrupts agricultural production, threatening food production, increases the severity of floods and droughts and impacts on soil biology and biogeochemical cycling. This review describes the different processes and manifestations of erosion on arable land and the availability of global data. It points out that while there is a good understanding of the processes of erosion, the causes are complex and even if agronomic and landscape solutions are available, their implementation is challenging and needs tailored approaches to account for the specific local socio-economic, political, and intuitional contexts.

A globally relevant change taxonomy and an evidence-based framework for land monitoring are essential for effective environmental management.

A standardized global taxonomy and framework is established for consistently describing land cover changes based on evidence. This framework employs structured land cover taxonomies and is supported by the [Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) mode.

The DPSIR model is a causal framework that outlines the interactions between society and the environment. It categorizes indicators into "drivers," "pressures," "state," "impacts," and "responses" to analyze and assess environmental problems. This model is widely adopted by international organizations for ecosystem-based studies and is used to evaluate environmental changes, predict potential challenges, and improve management practices.

• An existential threat refers to a threat to the very existence or survival of something, whether it be a living entity, a community, or an ideology. It encompasses dangers that could lead to the complete destruction or significant alteration of a group or system. This term is often used in discussions about global issues, such as climate change or nuclear war, where the survival of humanity or a particular way of life is at stake.
• Existential risk studies (ERS) is a field dedicated to defining and theorizing "existential risks," exploring their ethical implications, and developing strategies for long-term survival. Existential risks are typically understood as global catastrophes that could result in the extinction of intelligent life on Earth, including humans, or at least significantly limit their potential, as described by ERS theorists. The development and expansion of this field can be categorized into waves, reflecting conceptual changes and its evolving relationship with related disciplines such as futures studies, disaster studies, AI safety, effective altruism, and longtermism.

These threats can be categorized into two main types: anthropogenic risks, which arise from human activities, and natural risks, such as asteroid impacts and supervolcanic eruptions.

1. Existential risk studies (ERS) focus on understanding these risks, their ethical implications, and developing strategies for long-term survival. This field has evolved since its inception in the early 2000s, drawing influence from various disciplines, including futures studies and AI safety.
2. The ethical implications of existential threats emphasize the importance of comprehensively understanding these risks to formulate effective strategies for mitigation and adaptation.
3. Erosion poses an existential threat to various regions and communities, particularly in the context of climate change and environmental degradation. These provide a holistic evaluation as a reference guide to help practitioners, scientists, and engineers better understand and assess contaminated sediment sites.
4. The urgent battle to save Tangier Island from the threats of erosion and rising sea levels is more critical than ever. This unique community faces a dire reality, as relentless erosion and encroaching sea levels—exacerbated by sinking land—have already eroded more than two-thirds of its land mass since 1850. Alarmingly, experts predict that within just a few decades, the town could become uninhabitable wetlands. For a deeper understanding of this pressing issue, read the full article [here].

We have identified eco-friendly gabions that combat soil erosion, landslides, and unstable terrain. These also help in identifying and designing more efficient and effective stormwater erosion and sediment control strategies.
Construction underway at Fairland Gabions project on October 30, 2025. Photo: Waydon Jacobs

Environmental Groups

• Center for Public Environmental Oversight (CPEO) | Environmental Law Institute
  CPEO works with environmental justice and other community groups around the country on brownfields, other cleanup, and military environmental issues.
• Centralize Environmental Management System Program
• Tenorio Volcano National Park is governed by the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), which operates under the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE) in Costa Rica.
• The Center for Public Environmental Oversight (CPEO)
• The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (also known as NESREA)

Here are some key points regarding the existential threat of erosion:

1. Gully Erosion: In Southeast Nigeria, gully erosion is a significant existential threat, with communities facing the loss of homes and farmlands due to rapidly expanding erosion sites. This has led to a loss of livelihoods and a displacement of residents.
2. Climate Change: The UN report indicates that climate change is causing unprecedented drying across the Earth, with 77.6% of Earth's land becoming drier in the last three decades. This drying is expected to affect billions of people and vital ecosystems, posing an existential th reat to life on Earth.
3. Lake Michigan: The North Shore of Lake Michigan is facing the threat of permanently altering its shoreline due to rising water levels and accelerating erosion. This has forced public officials and homeowners to make tough decisions on repair and restoration projects.

The Fracking Water Treatment Market is gaining significant attention as shale operations seek to reduce wastewater volumes and enhance water recycling efficiency.

Operators are increasingly utilizing technologies such as membrane filtration, thermal distillation, electrocoagulation, and mobile treatment units to manage high-salinity flowback water. Strong policy interventions and the rise in shale gas production are encouraging companies to adopt decentralized and modular water systems. As environmental priorities evolve, the market is shifting from basic disposal solutions to comprehensive wastewater management frameworks aimed at supporting long-term sustainability in the energy sector. This growth reflects the rising emphasis on efficient water treatment processes, stringent environmental regulations, and the adoption of advanced technologies to ensure safe and reliable water supply and wastewater management.

These examples highlight the complex nature of erosion as an existential threat, impacting both natural environments and human communities. Addressing these threats demands a thorough approach that takes into account both environmental and social factors.

Paris Agrement

To achieve the global temperature stabilization goals outlined in the Paris Agreement, projections indicate that we may need to remove between 6 and 16 gigatons of CO₂ annually by the second half of the century. However, there is a significant shortage of options for geological storage compared to what is needed.

Carbon removal projects have varying risk profiles concerning the potential release of CO₂ back into the atmosphere. For example, natural climate solutions like forestry face risks of reversal due to wildfires, droughts, and changes in land use. On the other hand, technology-focused projects such as direct air capture with geological storage offer greater permanence but face challenges related to scalability, cost, and technological maturity. Additionally, the costs associated with these methods can vary widely, ranging from forestry offsets to engineered removal technologies.

The term “networked geothermal” refers to both the technology—geothermal—and the method of delivery—a network. Networked geothermal systems and environmental indicators play a crucial role in addressing disparities in energy use. These systems consist of a series of ground-source heat pumps connected by pipes filled with water. They extract heat from the ground during the winter and transfer it back into the ground during the summer, helping to maintain a consistent indoor temperature. The underground temperature remains relatively stable at around 55 degrees Fahrenheit, which makes these systems more efficient than conventional air-source heat pumps, especially in extreme weather conditions.

As Arctic sea ice continues to melt, new forms of life may emerge from the thaw. Researchers have found that bacteria beneath and around the melting ice are converting nitrogen gas into a form that promotes algae growth. In addition to the already alarming implications of melting Arctic sea ice, a recent study led by the University of Exeter has revealed another concerning outcome: the microscopic life living under the ice is at risk.

1. Erosion poses an existential threat to various regions and communities, particularly in the context of climate change and environmental degradation. These provide a holistic evaluation as a reference guide to help practitioners, scientists, and engineers better understand and assess contaminated sediment sites.

What seismology has to do with ocean waves !!!

Global seismographic networks are best known for monitoring and studying earthquakes and for allowing scientists to create images of the planet’s deep interior.

These highly sensitive instruments continuously record an enormous variety of natural and human-caused seismic phenomena, including volcanic eruptions, nuclear and other explosions, meteor strikes, landslides and glacier-quakes. They also capture persistent seismic signals from wind, water and human activity. For example, seismographic networks observed the global quieting in human-caused seismic noise as lockdown measures were instituted around the world during the coronavirus pandemic.

• Publications that are beneficial for various applications, including infrastructure development and environmental protection related to erosion and sediment deposition.

All these factors, summed together, ostensibly have the potential to curate processes that produce some of the most fantastic scenery in the world, along with the biological communities that reside there.

# Understanding Coastal Erosion in SIDS #

Coastal erosion poses a significant threat to vulnerable communities in Small Island Developing States (SIDS).

1. To address this challenge, island nations need to quickly implement effective and scalable adaptation solutions that leverage nature, involve community participation, and incorporate innovative technologies.
2. Coastal areas in SIDS are crucial for various vital industries, including tourism and fisheries. They provide protection against coastal hazards, support diverse and productive ecosystems, and are integral to the social fabric of local communities. However, because economic and community activities are concentrated in these coastal zones, SIDS have been identified as some of the most vulnerable nations to climate change and coastal erosion.
3. The impacts of climate change and rising sea levels are compounded by human activities that exacerbate coastal erosion in these island nations. Poorly regulated coastal development, changes in land use, sand mining, and the degradation of coastal ecosystems all contribute to the acceleration of coastal erosion in SIDS.
4. A global study on erosion trends, using satellite data from 1984 to 2015, estimated that the loss of permanent land in coastal areas around the world averaged 31 meters over that period, which is roughly 1 meter per year. This trend is even more pronounced in regions experiencing significant sea level rise and frequent extreme weather events, such as SIDS.
5. However, the most globally pervasive of seismic background signals is the incessant thrum created by storm-driven ocean waves referred to as the global microseism.

Ocean waves generate microseismic signals in two different ways.

The most energetic of the two, known as the secondary microseism, throbs at a period between about eight and 14 seconds. As sets of waves travel across the oceans in various directions, they interfere with one another, creating pressure variation on the sea floor. However, interfering waves aren’t always present, so in this sense, it is an imperfect proxy for overall ocean wave activity.

A second way in which ocean waves generate global seismic signals is called the primary microseism process. These signals are caused by traveling ocean waves directly pushing and pulling on the seafloor. Since water motions within waves fall off rapidly with depth, this occurs in regions where water depths are less than about 1,000 feet (about 300 meters). The primary microseism signal is visible in seismic data as a steady hum with a period between 14 and 20 seconds.

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Environmentally-Friendly-Way

**A Vital imperative for Our Future: Collaborative Conservation**

These indicators can be broadly categorized into three types:

1. Biophysical
2. Socioeconomic, and
3. Composite Indicators.
• These figures indicate a fundamental driver for the U.S. produced water treatment market, creating a critical need for extensive infratructure and services.

Indicators are parameters or metrics that describe environmental conditions.

Each type of indicator provides unique insights into the condition of ecosystems and the impacts of human activities on the environment.

Here are some key takeaways regarding ecological and environmental indicators: They can be used to monitor environmental quality, assess ecosystem health, and evaluate the effectiveness of environmental policies.

• Indicators are specific measures that reflect the state of an environment or its components. They serve as proxies, offering simplified yet accurate representations of complex ecological conditions or trends.
1. This review summarizes the latest findings in chromosome biology, genome architecture, and the biotechnological applications of Agave. It positions Agave as a key species for green innovation in response to global climate change. By integrating ecological heritage with modern genomic tools, Agave not only serves as an important resource for economic development but also exemplifies sustainable adaptation strategies for future agricultural systems.
2. Most of the meat consumed in the United States is no longer sourced from small farms or pastured animals, as it was in the past. Instead, it primarily comes from large concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). These industrial facilities confine thousands of animals in close quarters, resulting in significant amounts of manure, climate- polluting methane emissions, and various issues for neighboring communities.

Take an inside look with Managing editor Jamie Smith Hopkins as she speaks with four ICN journalists and climate science reporters who have described or talked of, CAFOs:

1. Georgina Gustin, who covers agriculture and explores the intersections of farming, food systems, and the environment.
2. Lisa Sorg, who covers North Carolina, one of the nation's leading hog producers.
3. Phil McKenna, who reports on climate super-pollutants like methane; and
4. Anika Jane Beamer, who focuses on Iowa, where manure from CAFOs has contributed to a longstanding and widespread water contamination problem.

These indicators are vital for environmental monitoring, assessment, and management, guiding effective conservation efforts. They transform complex environmental data into understandable information, providing early warnings of environmental degradation or changes while informing conservation and management decisions.

We refuse to back down in the face of these challenges. Instead, we are intensifying our efforts by reporting more than ever before in our history. We are committed to holding those in power accountable for their actions, prioritizing facts, and standing up against disinformation.

So much that we cherish is currently under threat, including the climate, the environment, biodiversity, free press, free speech, science, and our form of government.

Types of Indicators:

1. Ecological indicators can be biological, physical, or chemical.
2. Biological indicators involve living organisms or their parts that respond to environmental changes.
3. Physical indicators measure non-living components of the environment.
4. Chemical indicators assess the concentrations of various substances in environmental media.

• Understanding the processes involved in erosion,
• Evaluating the impact of erosion, and
• Developing effective mitigation strategies.

A holistic erosion strategy involves a comprehensive approach to combat soil erosion by considering various environmental and socioeconomic factors.
Key components of this strategy include:

1. **Sustainable Agriculture**: Implementing practices that protect soil health and maintain fertility.
2. **Adaptability**: Developing strategies that are tailored to specific regional contexts.
3. **Biocementation Techniques**: Utilizing biocementation for soil stabilization to create erosion-resistant landscapes.
4. **Understanding Root Causes**: Addressing the underlying causes of erosion through eff1111ective land management practices.
5. **Effective Control Methods**: Employing a variety of erosion control methods to ensure sustainable land management.

Common metrics include erosion rates, which measure the changes in distance or volume over time, sediment yield, and various landscape metrics derived from measurements or imagery. These metrics encompass ecological, engineering, and social strategies for preserving these vital ecosystems.

• Integrating sciences for effective monitoring, assessment, and management.
• Erosion metrics are quantifiable measurements utilized to assess and monitor the rate and extent of erosion.
• Your eBook, "2025 Global Erosional Trends," provides insights to enhance your erosion control strategy.

These strategies work together to enhance resilience against erosion and promote sustainable land use.